Digital Photography

When was it first discovered and by whom?

By Kodak in the 1980's

The first true digital camera that recorded images as a computerized file was likely the Fuji DS-1P of 1988, which recorded to a 16 MB internal memory card that used a battery to keep the data in memory

The first commercially available digital camera was the 1990 Dycam Model 1; it also sold as the Logitech Fotoman. It used a CCD image sensor, stored pictures digitally, and connected directly to a computer for download.

What is special about the technique?

You could copy photos and also print it out.

You didnt have to use the liquid and dark room process so it was much easier.

To process a photo it could take at least 10 seconds where as other methods could take at least a number of days.

Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs. Most 21st century cameras are digital

How does this technique work? Can you find or describe the processes needed to make it work? Maybe illustrate how it is made. (Wikipedia)

The first method is often called single-shot, in reference to the number of times the camera's sensor is exposed to the light passing through the camera lens. Single-shot capture systems use either one CCD with a Bayer filter mosaic, or three separate image sensors (one each for the primary additive colors red, green, and blue) which are exposed to the same image via a beam splitter.

The second method is referred to as multi-shot because the sensor is exposed to the image in a sequence of three or more openings of the lens aperture. There are several methods of application of the multi-shot technique. The most common originally was to use a single image sensor with three filters (once again red, green and blue) passed in front of the sensor in sequence to obtain the additive color information. Another multiple shot method is called Microscanning. This technique utilizes a single CCD with a Bayer filter but actually moved the physical location of the sensor chip on the focus plane of the lens to "stitch" together a higher resolution image than the CCD would allow otherwise. A third version combined the two methods without a Bayer filter on the chip.

The third method is called scanning because the sensor moves across the focal plane much like the sensor of a desktop scanner. Their linear or tri-linear sensors utilize only a single line of photosensors, or three lines for the three colors. In some cases, scanning is accomplished by moving the sensor e.g. when using Color co-site sampling or rotate the whole camera; a digital rotating line camera offers images of very high total resolution.

Can you comment how important this technique has been for the history of photography. For example was it popular and is it still used today?
Digital photography is popular nowadays as it's more modern and very easy to process photos..

Modern photographers find it very handy that technology nowadays have improved dramatically.

You can back up your photos within seconds using memory cards and transfer them onto your computer.

Can you find Image evidence of the technique?

Muybridge's Motion Studies

When was it first discovered and by whom?

Eadweard J. Muybridge In 1788

What is special about the technique?

Had fast camera shutters and used to make photographs show sequences of movement

It shows proof that a trotting horse can simultaneously have all four hooves off the ground.

How does this technique work? (nationalgeographic.com)

a row of cameras snapped a dozen or more photographs of a passing horse

Can you find or describe the processes needed to make it work? Maybe illustrate how it is made.

Muybridge camera have electric shutters and are triggered in sequence 4 every second as the horses pass by. So when the horse gallop each gallop is pictured to give a sense of animation.

The Zoopraxiscope was developed by Eadweard Muybridge, which projected a

series of images in successive phases of movement obtained through the use of multiple cameras.

In Eadweard Muybridge's most famous motion studies, ; For this

experiment Muybridge devised a fast camera shutter and used a new, more sensitive

photographic process, both of which dramatically reduced exposure time and produced

crisp images of moving objects.

Can you comment how important this technique has been for the history of photography? For example was it popular and is it still used today?

First time motion movement was captured on camera seeing as how cinemas wasn't evented in those days.

It was another way of proving things.

A way photographers could entertain their audience.

Can you find Image evidence of the technique? 

Daguerrotype !!!

When was it first discovered and by whom? 

Discovered by Louis Daguerre in 1984

What is special about the technique? 

You can only make one.
Light goes through it so it looks 3D.

How does this technique work/process?    Everything in italics from Wikipedia

1. Plate Preparation: a polished copper sheet is plated with silver (by Sheffield plating, or, later, by electroplating); this is then polished to a very high gloss.
2. Sensitisation: the plate is placed in an iodizing box and exposed to iodine vapour until all the surface silver has been converted to silver iodide, turning the plate orange. This is the light-sensitive coating. This had to be done shortly before the exposure, as iodized plates would rapidly degrade.
3. Exposure: The plate is loaded into a camera, and an exposure made simply by removing the lens cap. Exposures in early cameras could be over twenty minutes, even in bright daylight! However, this was less than some other, earlier processes. In 1840, Englishman John Goddard showed that sensitivity could be increased by using bromine, as well as iodine; this, together with improving lens technology brought times down considerably. Petzval's lens in particular brought typical apertures down from ~f14 to ~f3.5 - four stops improvement, i.e. potentially 16 times shorter exposures.
4. Development: the plates, kept in the dark, are suspended over a bath of mercury, which is heated to 60°C (140°F); mercury vapour forms an amalgam with the exposed silver iodide.
5. Fixing: unexposed silver iodide, not amalgamated with mercury, is washed off the plate using a salt (sodium chloride) solution (later replaced by weak sodium thiosulphate solution). This leaves the mercury/silver amalgam highlights and shadows of the original silver as a permanent - but delicate - image.
6. Toning: Original Daguerreotype images were extremely delicate, and could be marred by even a slight touch. In 1840, French physicist Hippolyte Fizeau (1819 – 1896) discovered that a heated gold chloride solution could both reduce the fragility and improve the tone of the image.
7. Mounting: The plate was usually sealed into a glass-fronted frame to protect the fragile surface from being scratched, or oxidising (tarnishing to black, as silver cutlery does) in the air

The camera obscura and a pewter plate coated with bitumen. Niepce called his picture-making
process heliography ("sun drawing"), but although he had managed to produce a permanent
image using a camera, the exposure time was around 8 hours. Niepce later abandoned pewter
plates in favour of silver-plated sheets of copper and discovered that the vapour from
iodine reacted with the silver coating to produce silver iodide, a light sensitive
compound.

Can you comment how important this technique has been for the history of photography. For example was it popular and is it still used today?

It was the first practicable method of obtaining permanent images with a camera.
Can you find Image evidence of the technique? 

Can you comment how important this technique has been for the history of photography. For example was it popular and is it still used today?

People dont use this technique no more because from 1839 till now the camera technology has dramatically changed.

Also you can only make 1 photo so it didn't come in handy if you want another one exactly the same.

Only specialist use this process 

Evaluation

My final task is to evaluate my work that i've exhibited. I will need to discuss the following points about my work, the exhibition and the campaign. I should use the following paragraph headings to help myself.

What are my thoughts on the finished product?

I liked the way my Little Men photos turned out. I chose the Little Men characters well (a man who had a motorbike and his wife). I had them sitting down together eating crisps and sweetcorn. First in a restruarant and the next one on a glass in the front room. Theres nothing i would really change to be honest. The photos i took look quite appealing 


Does it look how you originally planned?
Yes it does look how i originally planned except the fact that the destinations i initially picked was not pursued due to the fact that we was not allowed to take pictures in that place (hairdressers). So i had no other option but to take the Little Men Photos in the Cafeteria and the classroom, the photos were clear and exactly how i planned them to be

What do i think about the qualities of my work?

The qualities of my work in my opinion are always how i want them to be. The photos were in  focus and i had the perfect light i needed as it werent too dark or too light. I slightly closed the curtains but not too much so that not alot of light was coming through but just enough so that the photos were clear. As you can see i used the Macro tool as it comes very helpful when taking close up photos.

Give my ideas about comments from others, eg audience, peers, tutors, client. 
My friends thought that it was a good idea that i had both a male and female sitting together eating. People can relate to it and have fun watching it. My other friend thought that it was funny that i had little people eating such a huge piece of food. 

If anyone has any comments on my photos please feel free to comment...